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3.0 a positive voltage regulators this family of fixed voltage regulators are monolithic integrated circuits capable of driving loads in excess of 3.0 a. these threeterminal regulators employ internal current limiting, thermal shutdown, and safearea compensation. devices are available with improved specifications, including a 2% output voltage tolerance, on acsuffix 5.0, 12 and 15 v device types. although designed primarily as a fixed voltage regulator, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents. this series of devices can be used with a seriespass transistor to supply up to 15 a at the nominal output voltage. ? output current in excess of 3.0 a ? power dissipation: 25 w ? no external components required ? output voltage offered in 2% and 4% tolerance* ? thermal regulation is specified ? internal thermal overload protection ? internal short circuit current limiting ? output transistor safearea compensation simplified application input output c in * 0.33 m fc o ** mc78txx a common ground is required between the input and the output voltages. the input voltage must remain typically 2.2 v above the output voltage even during the low point on the input ripple voltage. xx these two digits of the type number indicate voltage. * * c in is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter. ** (see applications information for details.) ** c o is not needed for stability; however, it does improve transient response. on semiconductor ? semiconductor components industries, llc, 2002 january, 2002 rev. 3 1 publication order number: mc78t00/d mc78t00 series threeampere positive fixed voltage regulators ordering information device type/nominal output voltage mc78t05 mc78t08 5.0 v 8.0 v mc78t12 mc78t15 12 v 15 v t suffix plastic package case 221a pin 1. input 2. ground 3. output heatsink surface is connected to pin 2. mc78txxct mc78txxbt# mc78txxact package device operating temperature range mc78txxabt# xx indicates nominal voltage. * 2% regulators available in 5, 12 and 15 v devices. # automotive temperature range selections are avail- able with special test conditions and additional tests. contact your local on semiconductor sales office for information. v o tol. 4% 2%* 4% 2%* t j = 0 to +125 c t j = 40 to +125 c plastic power plastic power semiconductor technical data 1 2 3
mc78t00 series http://onsemi.com 2 maximum ratings (t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted.) rating symbol value unit input voltage (5.0 v 12 v) input voltage (15 v) v i 35 40 vdc power dissipation and thermal characteristics plastic package (note 1) t a = +25 c thermal resistance, junctiontoair t c = +25 c thermal resistance, junctiontocase p d r q ja p d r q jc internally limited 65 internally limited 2.5 c/w c/w storage junction temperature t stg +150 c operating junction temperature range (mc78t00c, ac) t j 0 to +125 c notes: 1. although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for p o p max , p max = 25 w. electrical characteristics (v in = 10 v, i o = 3.0 a, 0 c t j 125 c, p o p max [note 1], unless otherwise noted.) mc78t05ac mc78t05c characteristics symbol min typ max min typ max unit output voltage (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a; 5.0 ma i o 2.0 a, 7.3 vdc v in 20 vdc) v o 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 4.8 4.75 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.25 vdc line regulation (note 2) (7.2 vdc v in 35 vdc, i o = 5.0 ma, t j = +25 c; 7.2 vdc v in 35 vdc, i o = 1.0 a, t j = +25 c; 8.0 vdc v in 12 vdc, i o = 3.0 a, t j = +25 c; 7.5 vdc v in 20 vdc, i o = 1.0 a) reg line 3.0 25 3.0 25 mv load regulation (note 2) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a) reg load 10 15 30 80 10 15 30 80 mv thermal regulation (pulse = 10 ms, p = 20 w, t a = +25 c) reg therm 0.001 0.01 0.002 0.03 %v o /w quiescent current (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a) i b 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 ma quiescent current change (7.2 vdc v in 35 vdc, i o = 5.0 ma, t j = +25 c; 5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c; 7.5 vdc v in 20 vdc, i o = 1.0 a) d i b 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 ma ripple rejection (8.0 vdc v in 18 vdc, f = 120 hz, i o = 2.0 a, t j = 25 c) rr 62 75 62 75 db dropout voltage (i o = 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) v in v o 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.5 vdc output noise voltage (10 hz f 100 khz, t j = +25 c) v n 10 10 m v/v o output resistance (f = 1.0 khz) r o 2.0 20 m w short circuit current limit (v in = 35 vdc, t j = +25 c) i sc 1.5 1.5 a peak output current (t j = +25 c) i max 5.0 5.0 a average temperature coefficient of output v oltage (i o = 5.0 ma) tcv o 0.2 0.2 mv/ c notes: 1. although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for p o p max , p max = 25 w. 2. line and load regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. changes in v o due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. pulse testing with low duty cycle is used.
mc78t00 series http://onsemi.com 3 electrical characteristics (v in = 13 v, i o = 3.0 a, 0 c t j 125 c, p o p max [note 1], unless otherwise noted.) mc78t08c characteristics symbol min typ max unit output voltage (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a; 5.0 ma i o 2.0 a, 10.4 vdc v in 23 vdc) v o 7.7 7.6 8.0 8.0 8.3 8.4 vdc line regulation (note 2) (10.3 vdc v in 35 vdc, i o = 5.0 ma, t j = +25 c 10.3 vdc v in 35 vdc, i o = 1.0 a, t j = +25 c 11 vdc v in 17 vdc, i o = 3.0 a, t j = +25 c 10.7 vdc v in 23 vdc, i o = 1.0 a) reg line 4.0 35 mv load regulation (note 2) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a) reg load 10 15 30 80 mv thermal regulation (pulse = 10 ms, p = 20 w, t a = +25 c) reg therm 0.002 0.03 %v o /w quiescent current (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a) i b 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 ma quiescent current change (10.3 vdc v in 35 vdc, i o = 5.0 ma, t j = +25 c; 5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c; 10.7 vdc v in 23 vdc, i o = 1.0 a) d i b 0.3 1.0 ma ripple rejection (11 vdc v in 21 vdc, f = 120 hz, i o = 2.0 a, t j = 25 c) rr 60 71 db dropout voltage (i o = 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) v in v o 2.2 2.5 vdc output noise voltage (10 hz f 100 khz, t j = +25 c) v n 10 m v/v o output resistance (f = 1.0 khz) r o 2.0 m w short circuit current limit (v in = 35 vdc, t j = +25 c) i sc 1.5 a peak output current (t j = +25 c) i max 5.0 a average temperature coefficient of output voltage (i o = 5.0 ma) tcv o 0.3 mv/ c notes: 1. although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for p o p max , p max = 25 w. 2. line and load regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. changes in v o due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. pulse testing with low duty cycle is used.
mc78t00 series http://onsemi.com 4 electrical characteristics (v in = 17 v, i o = 3.0 a, 0 c t j 125 c, p o p max [note 1], unless otherwise noted.) mc78t12ac mc78t12c characteristics symbol min typ max min typ max unit output voltage (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, 5.0 ma i o 2.0 a, 14.5 vdc v in 27 vdc) v o 11.75 11.5 12 12 12.25 12.5 11.5 11.4 12 12 12.5 12.6 vdc line regulation (note 2) (14.5 vdc v in 35 vdc, i o = 5.0 ma, t j = +25 c; 14.5 vdc v in 35 vdc, i o = 1.0 a, t j = +25 c; 16 vdc v in 22 vdc, i o = 3.0 a, t j = +25 c; 14.9 vdc v in 27 vdc, i o = 1.0 a) reg line 6.0 45 6.0 45 mv load regulation (note 2) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a) reg load 10 15 30 80 10 15 30 80 mv thermal regulation (pulse = 10 ms, p = 20 w, t a = +25 c) reg therm 0.001 0.01 0.002 0.03 %v o /w quiescent current (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a) i b 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 ma quiescent current change (14.5 vdc v in 35 vdc, i o = 5.0 ma, t j = +25 c; 5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c; 14.9 vdc v in 27 vdc, i o = 1.0 a) d i b 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 ma ripple rejection (15 vdc v in 25 vdc, f = 120 hz, i o = 2.0 a, t j = 25 c) rr 57 67 57 67 db dropout voltage (i o = 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) v in v o 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.5 vdc output noise voltage (10 hz f 100 khz, t j = +25 c) v n 10 10 m v/v o output resistance (f = 1.0 khz) r o 2.0 20 m w short circuit current limit (v in = 35 vdc, t j = +25 c) i sc 1.5 1.5 a peak output current (t j = +25 c) i max 5.0 5.0 a average temperature coef ficient of output voltage (i o = 5.0 ma) tcv o 0.5 0.5 mv/ c notes: 1. although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for p o p max , p max = 25 w. 2. line and load regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. changes in v o due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. pulse testing with low duty cycle is used.
mc78t00 series http://onsemi.com 5 electrical characteristics (v in = 20 v, i o = 3.0 a, 0 c t j 125 c, p o p max [note 1], unless otherwise noted.) mc78t15ac mc78t15c characteristics symbol min typ max min typ max unit output voltage (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a; 5.0 ma i o 2.0 a, 17.5 vdc v in 30 vdc) v o 14.7 14.4 15 15 15.3 15.6 14.4 14.25 15 15 15.6 15.75 vdc line regulation (note 2) (17.6 vdc v in 40 vdc, i o = 5.0 ma, t j = +25 c; 17.6 vdc v in 40 vdc, i o = 1.0 a, t j = +25 c; 20 vdc v in 26 vdc, i o = 3.0 a, t j = +25 c; 18 vdc v in 30 vdc, i o = 1.0 a) reg line 7.5 55 7.5 55 mv load regulation (note 2) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a) reg load 10 15 30 80 10 15 30 80 mv thermal regulation (pulse = 10 ms, p = 20 w, t a = +25 c) reg therm 0.001 0.01 0.002 0.03 %v o /w quiescent current (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) (5.0 ma i o 3.0 a) i b 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 ma quiescent current change (17.6 vdc v in 40 vdc, i o = 5.0 ma, t j = +25 c; 5.0 ma i o 3.0 a, t j = +25 c; 18 vdc v in 30 vdc, i o = 1.0 a) d i b 0.3 1.0 0.3 1.0 ma ripple rejection (18.5 vdc v in 28.5 vdc, f = 120 hz, i o = 2.0 a, t j = 25 c) rr 55 65 55 65 db dropout voltage (i o = 3.0 a, t j = +25 c) v in v o 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.5 vdc output noise voltage (10 hz f 100 khz, t j = +25 c) v n 10 10 m v/v o output resistance (f = 1.0 khz) r o 2.0 20 m w short circuit current limit (v in = 40 vdc, t j = +25 c) i sc 1.0 1.0 a peak output current (t j = +25 c) i max 5.0 5.0 a average temperature coefficient of output v oltage (i o = 5.0 ma) tcv o 0.6 0.6 mv/ c notes: 1. although power dissipation is internally limited, specifications apply only for p o p max , p max = 25 w. 2. line and load regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. changes in v o due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. pulse testing with low duty cycle is used.
mc78t00 series http://onsemi.com 6 voltage regulator performance the performance of a voltage regulator is specified by its immunity to changes in load, input voltage, power dissipation, and temperature. line and load regulation are tested with a pulse of short duration (< 100 m s) and are strictly a function of electrical gain. however, pulse widths of longer duration (> 1.0 ms) are sufficient to affect temperature gradients across the die. these temperature gradients can cause a change in the output voltage, in addition to changes caused by line and load regulation. longer pulse widths and thermal gradients make it desirable to specify thermal regulation. thermal regulation is defined as the change in output voltage caused by a change in dissipated power for a specified time, and is expressed as a percentage output voltage change per watt. the change in dissipated power can be caused by a change in either the input voltage or the load current. thermal regulation is a function of ic layout and die attach techniques, and usually occurs within 10 ms of a change in power dissipation. after 10 ms, additional changes in the output voltage are due to the temperature coefficient of the device. figure 1 shows the line and thermal regulation response of a typical mc78t05ac to a 20 w input pulse. the variation of the output voltage due to line regulation is labeled and the thermal regulation component is labeled . figure 2 shows the load and thermal regulation response of a typical mc78t05ac to a 20 w load pulse. the output voltage variation due to load regulation is labeled and the thermal regulation component is labeled . 2 1 2 1 figure 1. mc78t05ac line and thermal regulation figure 2. mc78t05ac load and thermal regulation v out = 5.0 v v in = 15 i out = 0 a 2.0 a 0 a t, time (2.0 ms/div) i current (a) v voltage deviation (v) (2.0 mv/div) d oo , output , output 1 2 2.0 0 v out = 5.0 v v in = 8.0 v 18 v 8.0 v i out = 2.0 a = reg line = 2.4 mv t, time (2.0 ms/div) v voltage (v) v voltage deviation (v) (2.0 mv/div) d in o , input , output 1 2 18 8.0 2 2 = reg therm = 0.0015%v o /w = reg line = 4.4 mv = reg therm = 0.0015%v o /w representative schematic diagram q1 q2 q4 q5 q8 q9 q10 q12 q13 q6 q7 q11 5.0 v o q14 q15 q17 q18 q16 q20 q19 q23 q22 q24 q21 q25 q26 q27 q3 1.0k 210 input 16k 6.7v 300 1.0k 100 200 3.6k 6.4k 520 3.0k 5.6k 10pf 300 13 0.12 output 200 50 2.6k 6.0k 40 pf gnd 2.8k 3.9k 2.0k 6.0k 1.0k 8.0-15v o
mc78t00 series http://onsemi.com 7 i b , quiescent current (ma) i b , quiescent current (ma) v out = 5.0 v v in = 7.5 v i out = 1.0 a c o = 0 t j = 25 c v in - v out = 10 v i out = 100 ma figure 3. temperature stability figure 4. output impedance 1.02 1.0 .98 -90 -50 -10 30 70 110 150 190 t j , junction temperature ( c) normalized output voltage 10 0 10- 1 10- 2 10- 3 10- 4 1.0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 m 10 m 100 m f, frequency (hz) r o w , output impedance ( ) figure 5. ripple rejection versus frequency v out = 5.0 v v in = 10 v c o = 0 t j = 25 c 100 80 60 40 20 1.0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 m 10 m 100 m f, frequency (hz) rr, ripple rejection (db) figure 6. ripple rejection versus output current figure 7. quiescent current versus input voltage figure 8. quiescent current versus output current rr, ripple rejection (db) i out , output current (a) 100 80 60 40 30 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 v in , input voltage (vdc) 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 0 10203040 t j = 125 c t j = 25 c t j = 0 c t j = 0 c i out , output current (a) 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 5.0 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 v out = 5.0 v v in = 10 v c o = 0 f = 120 hz t j = 25 c i out = 50 ma i out = 1.5 a t j = 125 c t j = 25 c t j = 0 c t j = 25 c t j = 125 c v in -v out = 5.0 v
mc78t00 series http://onsemi.com 8 d v deviation (v) out , output voltage v in -v out , input to output voltage differential (vdc) figure 9. dropout voltage figure 10. peak output current v change (v) d in d v deviation (v) out , input voltage , output voltage 010203040 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 1.0 0.5 0 t, time ( m s) v out = 5.0 v i out = 150 ma c o = 0 t j = 25 c 1.0 i current (a) out , output 010203040 t, time ( m s) v in = 10 v c o = 0 t j = 25 c 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 1.5 0.5 0 figure 11. line transient response figure 12. load transient response figure 13. maximum average power dissipation for mc78t00ct, act t j , junction temperature ( c) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 -90 -50 -10 30 70 110 150 190 max , peak output current (a) v in -v o , input-output voltage (vdc) 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 010203040 i t j = 125 c t j = 25 c t j = 0 c t a , ambient temperature ( c) 40 30 20 10 0 25 50 75 100 125 maximum ambient temperature infinite heatsink 1.3 c/w 10.5 c 6.3 c/w 3.3 c/w 2.4 c/w q sa of heatsinks d(av) , maximum average power dissipation (w) p i out = 3.0 a i out = 1.0 a i out = 0.5 a d v o = 50 mv
mc78t00 series http://onsemi.com 9 applications information design considerations the mc78t00 series of fixed voltage regulators are designed with thermal overload protection that shuts down the circuit when subjected to an excessive power overload condition, internal short circuit protection that limits the maximum current the circuit will pass, and output transistor safearea compensation that reduces the output short circuit current as the voltage across the pass transistor is increased. in many low current applications, compensation capacitors are not required. however, it is recommended that the regulator input be bypassed with a capacitor if the regulator is connected to the power supply filter with long wire lengths, or if the output load capacitance is large. an input bypass capacitor should be selected to provide good high frequency characteristics to insure stable operation under all load conditions. a 0.33 m f or larger tantalum, mylar, or other capacitor having low internal impedance at high frequencies should be chosen. the bypass capacitor should be mounted with the shortest possible leads directly across the regulator's input terminals. normally good construction techniques should be used to minimize ground loops and lead resistance drops since the regulator has no external sense lead. figure 14. current regulator figure 15. adjustable output regulator figure 16. current boost regulator figure 17. current boost with short circuit protection 5.0 v r input 0.33 m f mc78t05 r i o the mc78t05 regulator can also be used as a current source when connected as above. in order to minimize dissipation the mc78t05 is chosen in this application. resistor r determines the current as follows: i o = + i b d i b 0.7 ma over line, load and temperature changes for example, a 2.0 a current source would require r to be a 2.5 w , 10w resistor and the output voltage compliance would be the input voltage less 7.0 v. constant current to grounded load input output 1.0k 4 6 7 2 3 - + 0.1 m f 10k mc1741 v o , 8.0 v to 20 v v in - v o 2.5 v the addition of an operational amplifier allows adjustment to higher or intermediate values while retaining regulation characteristics. the minimum voltage obtainable with this arrangement is 3.0 v greater than the regulator voltage. 0.33 m f r 0.1 m f output 1.0 m f the mc78t00 series can be current boosted with a pnp transistor. the 2n4398 provides current to 15 a. resistor r in conjunction with the v be of the pnp determines when the pass transistor begins conducting; this circuit is not short circuit proof. input-output differential voltage minimum is increased by the v be of the pass transistor. 2n4398 or equiv mc78txx mc78txx input r sc 2n4398 or equiv. output r mj2955 or equiv. 1.0 m f the circuit of figure 17 can be modified to provide supply protection against short circuits by adding a short circuit sense resistor, r sc , and an additional pnp transistor. the current sensing pnp must be able to handle the short circuit current of the three-terminal regulator. therefore, an eight-ampere power transistor is specified. mc78t05 i b 3.5 ma xx = 2 digits of type number indicating voltage. xx = 2 digits of type number indicating voltage.
mc78t00 series http://onsemi.com 10 package dimensions t suffix plastic package case 221a09 issue aa notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: inch. 3. dimension z defines a zone where all body and lead irregularities are allowed. dim min max min max millimeters inches a 0.570 0.620 14.48 15.75 b 0.380 0.405 9.66 10.28 c 0.160 0.190 4.07 4.82 d 0.025 0.035 0.64 0.88 f 0.142 0.147 3.61 3.73 g 0.095 0.105 2.42 2.66 h 0.110 0.155 2.80 3.93 j 0.018 0.025 0.46 0.64 k 0.500 0.562 12.70 14.27 l 0.045 0.060 1.15 1.52 n 0.190 0.210 4.83 5.33 q 0.100 0.120 2.54 3.04 r 0.080 0.110 2.04 2.79 s 0.045 0.055 1.15 1.39 t 0.235 0.255 5.97 6.47 u 0.000 0.050 0.00 1.27 v 0.045 --- 1.15 --- z --- 0.080 --- 2.04 b q h z l v g n a k f 123 4 d seating plane t c s t u r j
mc78t00 series http://onsemi.com 11 notes
mc78t00 series http://onsemi.com 12 on semiconductor and are trademarks of semiconductor components industries, llc (scillc). scillc reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. scillc makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does scillc assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. atypicalo parameters which may be provided in scill c data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. all operating parameters, including atypicalso must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. scillc does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. scillc products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into t he body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the scillc product could create a sit uation where personal injury or death may occur. should buyer purchase or use scillc products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, buyer shall indem nify and hold scillc and its of ficers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and re asonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized u se, even if such claim alleges that scillc was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. scillc is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employ er. publication ordering information japan : on semiconductor, japan customer focus center 4321 nishigotanda, shinagawaku, tokyo, japan 1410031 phone : 81357402700 email : r14525@onsemi.com on semiconductor website : http://onsemi.com for additional information, please contact your local sales representative. mc78t00/d literature fulfillment : literature distribution center for on semiconductor p.o. box 5163, denver, colorado 80217 usa phone : 3036752175 or 8003443860 toll free usa/canada fax : 3036752176 or 8003443867 toll free usa/canada email : onlit@hibbertco.com n. american technical support : 8002829855 toll free usa/canada

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